Like Perry said, looks like it was brushed with a brass brush. As pointed out, japanning was available in several colors. Black was the norm for cookware. It is basically turpentine, Asphaltum, and boiled linseed oil. Collectors of old tools use it often. There are several "recipes" out on the internet. You mix it, let it set several days, mixing on occasion (your trying to dissolve as much asphaltum as possible), paint it on and bake it. There is a "cold" japanning available called "pontypool". It's $ 62 a quart, and takes 30 days to harden.
Unfortunately, if the color is from brass brushing, it's about impossible to remove.