Once I have it running correctly, will adding more soda raise the amperage? Yes. Adding more increases the conductivity, so more current will flow. It isn't linear, though. The conductivity depends on several things, but yes, adding more washing soda will increase the current flow.
Higher amperage means more effective, right? The simple answer is yes. You need current flow to reduce the red rust to a form that is easily removed from the piece you are cleaning.
Is there a point of diminishing returns? In my opinion, yes. Power dissipated in the system will just heat the water. Power (and heating) increases with the square of the current (maybe you remember pee equals eye squared times are ;D ). So, if you double the current from, say, 20 to 40 amps, you are going to quadruple the power that is dissipated. And that power isn't doing anything to clean you griddle. That is why I run at about 20 amps, more or less depending on the size of the piece I am cleaning.